Genesis 27:14–17

Genesis 27:14 — "He went, and got them, and brought them to his mother." Jacob's compliance here is striking. He had expressed fear of being caught and cursed (v. 12), yet once Rebekah absorbs that risk onto herself ("Let your curse be on me, my son," v. 13), he moves without further hesitation. The text's brevity — "he went, and got them, and brought them" — conveys mechanical obedience. Jacob does not deliberate, argue, or repent; he simply executes. His mother "made savory food, such as his father loved" (the same Hebrew phrase, mat'ammîm, used in vv. 4 and 9) — a detail that binds Isaac's craving, Esau's hunting, and Rebekah's kitchen into a single web of appetite and manipulation. Food here is not merely nourishment; it is a vehicle for stolen intimacy.

Genesis 27:15 — "Rebekah took the good clothes of Esau." The "good clothes" (bigdê Ēsāv haṭṭōvôt) — literally "the desirable garments of Esau" — were likely festal or ceremonial vestments, kept at home rather than worn for hunting. Their presence in Rebekah's keeping is notable: as matriarch she held stewardship over the household's precious items. By clothing Jacob in Esau's garments, Rebekah enacts a kind of ritual substitution. Clothes in the ancient Near East carried identity in a concrete, almost sacramental sense — they bore the name, the scent, the social status of their wearer. To wear another's garment was to assume, at least partially, that person's identity. This will prove decisive: when Isaac smells the blessing, he is smelling Esau's clothes (v. 27).

Genesis 27:16 — "She put the skins of the young goats on his hands, and on the smooth of his neck." This is the most viscerally deceptive act in the preparation. Esau is described earlier as a hairy man (îsh śā'îr, 25:25); Jacob is smooth-skinned (ḥālāq, 27:11). The goat skins are crafted to counterfeit what Jacob's body lacks. The hands and neck are precisely where a blind man would reach to verify identity by touch. The choice of goat kid (gəd̠îyê hā'izzîm) rather than an older animal's hide suggests soft, pliant material — convincingly flesh-like. There is cruel irony in using the kid's skin: this same Jacob will later be deceived by another stained garment — a son's coat dipped in goat's blood — and will himself mistake one thing for another (37:31–33).

Genesis 27:17 — "She gave the savory food and the bread into the hand of her son Jacob." The repetition of "her son Jacob" (as opposed to simply "Jacob") keeps the maternal relationship foregrounded throughout. Rebekah is not a passive instrument; she is an active agent. The bread (leḥem) accompanying the savory dish is a small but realistic culinary detail — a full meal rather than a single dish. Placing it "into the hand" of Jacob is the final physical transfer in the preparation sequence, marking the boundary between conspiracy and execution.

Typological and Spiritual Senses The Church Fathers, beginning with Origen (Homilies on Genesis, Hom. XII), read Rebekah as a figure of divine grace or the Church, who "clothes" the lesser with the identity of the greater so that the Father may bless him. Jacob, clothed in his brother's garments and covered in the skin of a slain kid, becomes a striking type of the Christian soul: clothed in Christ's righteousness (Gal 3:27), covered by the sacrifice of the Lamb, presented to the Father not in one's own merit but in the identity of the Beloved Son. St. Ambrose (De Jacob et vita beata) develops this allegory at length, arguing that the "good garments" represent the virtues of Christ that the soul must put on. Augustine, more cautious about endorsing the deception morally, nonetheless affirms (Contra Mendacium, 10.24) that the figura — the hidden prophetic type — justifies the narrative's canonical inclusion: not every literal act is morally prescribed; some are providentially recorded to teach spiritual truth.

Catholic tradition brings a layered hermeneutic to this troubling passage that neither whitewashes the sin nor misses the deeper providence at work. The Catechism teaches that God permits moral evil without causing it, ordering even human sin toward greater purposes (CCC §311–312). Rebekah's deception is a genuine moral transgression — a lie that tears her family apart and forces Jacob into exile — yet it paradoxically serves the divine election announced before the twins were born: "the elder shall serve the younger" (Gen 25:23). This is not divine approval of the means, but divine sovereignty over outcomes.

The key Patristic contribution is typological. Origen, Ambrose, and later medieval exegetes like the Venerable Bede see in Jacob's disguise a foreshadowing of the Incarnation and Baptism. As Jacob put on Esau's garments to receive the paternal blessing, the baptized Christian "puts on Christ" (Gal 3:27) and receives the Father's blessing not through personal merit but through identification with the Son. The goat skins covering Jacob's smooth hands recall the substitutionary skin of the sacrificial animal — pointing toward the Lamb whose covering makes the unworthy worthy.

St. Ambrose (De Jacob et vita beata, I.4) applies this to the moral life directly: the soul must allow grace — figured by Rebekah — to clothe it in virtues it does not naturally possess. Left to itself, Jacob is "smooth" — without the rough merit of great works. It is grace that makes him presentable before the Father.

From a Magisterial perspective, the passage also illuminates the principle that sacred Scripture carries a fuller sense (sensus plenior) beyond the literal: the Pontifical Biblical Commission's The Interpretation of the Bible in the Church (1993) explicitly affirms typological reading as a legitimate and necessary dimension of Catholic exegesis, not an imposition upon the text but a recognition of its divinely intended depth.

Contemporary Catholics often encounter this passage and are troubled by a simple question: how can Scripture celebrate a liar? The discomfort is healthy and should not be too quickly resolved. Rebekah and Jacob do deceive Isaac, and the consequences — family rupture, exile, decades of separation — are not softened by the narrative. This is Scripture's honest realism about the families God chooses to work through.

The spiritual application cuts two ways. First, it is a warning against believing that a good end justifies deceptive means. Rebekah achieves the "right" outcome — Jacob receives the blessing that was always destined for him — but at tremendous personal and relational cost. Catholics today who rationalize small deceptions "for good reasons" in family, professional, or political life should hear in Rebekah's story the seeds of future grief.

Second, and more consolingly, the passage teaches that God is not thwarted by human weakness or sin. The Catholic lives not by the perfection of her own record but clothed in Christ — presented to the Father in the garments of the one who is worthy. In the Sacrament of Baptism and renewed in Confession, the Catholic is continually "re-dressed" in the identity of the Son. The disguise, redeemed, becomes grace.