Catholic Commentary
A Call to Persevering Faith in Light of Past Fidelity and Future Promise
32But remember the former days, in which, after you were enlightened, you endured a great struggle with sufferings:33partly, being exposed to both reproaches and oppressions, and partly, becoming partakers with those who were treated so.34For you both had compassion on me in my chains and joyfully accepted the plundering of your possessions, knowing that you have for yourselves a better possession and an enduring one in the heavens.35Therefore don’t throw away your boldness, which has a great reward.36For you need endurance so that, having done the will of God, you may receive the promise.37“In a very little while, he who comes will come and will not wait.38But the righteous one will live by faith. If he shrinks back, my soul has no pleasure in him.”39But we are not of those who shrink back to destruction, but of those who have faith to the saving of the soul.
Hebrews 10:32–39 exhorts a persecuted community to remember their early Christian sufferings and maintain bold faith rather than retreat into apostasy. The author quotes Habakkuk 2:3–4 with a Christological reframing of Christ's imminent return, arguing that endurance through present trials leads to the eschatological promise of entering God's heavenly rest and kingdom.
Don't throw away your boldness—it was purchased through baptism and will be rewarded, not because suffering ends but because Christ has already won.
Commentary
Hebrews 10:32 — "Remember the former days… after you were enlightened" The word "enlightened" (Greek: phōtisthentes) is a technical early Christian term for baptism, echoing its use in Hebrews 6:4. The author asks his readers not merely to recall facts but to perform an act of anamnesis — the kind of living, formative remembrance that recurs throughout Scripture (cf. Deuteronomy 8:2). Their early post-baptismal days were marked not by peace but by "a great struggle" (athlēsis, an athletic or gladiatorial contest), establishing immediately that Christian initiation leads not away from suffering but into its heart. This is not a community in crisis for the first time — they are veterans of suffering who have grown weary.
Hebrews 10:33 — Public shaming and solidarity with the persecuted The two forms of trial are distinguished carefully. The first is direct: "reproaches and oppressions" — public insults, legal harassment, social ostracism, possibly violent attack. The second is vicarious: becoming "partakers" (koinōnoi) with those who suffered. The community's identity was forged in solidarity with the marginalized and imprisoned. This solidarity was not incidental but constitutive of their Christian witness; to abandon it now would be to betray the very communion that made them who they are.
Hebrews 10:34 — Compassion for prisoners; joy in plundering The concrete detail of "compassion on me in my chains" — whether this refers to Paul, to a leader of the community, or is a scribal variant — grounds the theology in real relationship and real risk. More striking is the description of suffering the confiscation of property "joyfully" (meta charas). This is not stoic detachment but a specifically theological joy rooted in knowledge: "knowing that you have for yourselves a better possession and an enduring one in the heavens." The Greek hyparxin (possession) and menousan (enduring/abiding) together contrast the permanence of the heavenly inheritance with the transience of earthly goods. This is a direct application of the typology running through all of Hebrews: earthly realities are shadows; the heavenly is the substance.
Hebrews 10:35 — "Don't throw away your boldness" Parrēsia — translated here as "boldness" — is a richly loaded word in Hebrews. It refers at once to the confidence of access to God in prayer and liturgy (cf. 4:16; 10:19), the frank public proclamation of faith, and the courageous speech of a free person before those in power. To "throw it away" (apobalēte) echoes the language of apostasy in Hebrews 6 and 10:26–31. The boldness was earned through suffering; it carries "a great reward" (misthapodosian megalēn) — an eschatological recompense that frames the entire exhortation.
Hebrews 10:36 — The will of God and the necessity of endurance "You need endurance" (hypomonēs) is the hinge of the passage. The sequence matters: first, doing the will of God; then, receiving the promise. This is not a works-righteousness framework but a covenantal one — the promise is real and certain, but its reception requires fidelity sustained through time. The "promise" (epangelian) here is the eschatological inheritance already identified throughout Hebrews as entry into God's own Sabbath rest (4:1–11), the heavenly homeland (11:14–16), and the unshakeable kingdom (12:28).
Verses 37–38 — The Habakkuk Oracle The author quotes Habakkuk 2:3–4 in a form closer to the Septuagint than the Hebrew, but with a crucial Christological adaptation: where the LXX reads "if he (the vision) tarries," the author adds ho erchomenos — "the Coming One" — transforming the prophetic oracle into a direct reference to the Parousia of Christ. "In a very little while, the Coming One will come and will not delay." This reframes the community's suffering not as divine abandonment but as the final compressed interval before eschatological vindication. The second line, "the righteous one will live by faith," is the seed text for Paul's entire argument in Romans and Galatians, and here it functions differently: not as a declaration of justification by faith, but as a description of the mode of life that characterizes the righteous person who waits — faithfulness (pistis) as patient, active trust in the God who promises.
Hebrews 10:39 — Not shrinking back, but saving the soul The author draws the contrast sharply: hypostolē (shrinking back, timidity) leads to apōleian (destruction/perdition); pistis (faith) leads to peripoiēsin psychēs (the preservation/saving of the soul). The first person plural — "we are not of those who shrink back" — functions as a communal declaration, almost a creedal affirmation. The author includes himself in the community of the faithful, not as a distant authority but as a fellow traveler. This verse sets the stage for the whole of chapter 11, which will demonstrate this saving faith through the witness of the patriarchs and heroes of Israel.
Catholic Commentary
Catholic tradition illuminates this passage at several distinct levels.
On suffering and memory: The Catechism teaches that suffering, when united to Christ's Passion, "takes on a new meaning; it can become a positive value of communion and sharing" (CCC §1521). The author's call to remember suffering is not nostalgia but what the tradition calls a memoria passionis — a participation in Christ's own anamnesis of self-offering. St. John Chrysostom, in his Homilies on Hebrews, marvels at the community's "joyful" acceptance of property seizure, calling it evidence that they had truly "learned to despise the present."
On parrēsia and access to God: The Catechism identifies parrēsia as a fruit of prayer rooted in conformity to Christ (CCC §2778). To throw it away, therefore, is not merely a social capitulation but a liturgical and prayerful impoverishment — a withdrawal from the very access to God opened by Christ's High Priestly sacrifice (Hebrews 10:19–22).
On "the righteous one will live by faith": While Paul employs Habakkuk 2:4 to establish the principle of justification (Romans 1:17; Galatians 3:11), the Council of Trent and subsequent Catholic theology emphasize that this same faith must be living and active (James 2:17; cf. CCC §§1815–1816). The "faith" of Hebrews 10:38 is precisely this formed, enduring fides caritate formata — faith animated by charity, exercised in solidarity, sustained through trial. Pope Benedict XVI, in Spe Salvi (§7), explicitly engages Hebrews' understanding of faith as the "substance" of things hoped for, noting that faith in the New Testament sense involves a genuine transformation of the present by the promised future.
On eschatological hope and endurance: Vatican II's Lumen Gentium (§48) teaches that the Church is already the Kingdom of God in its initial stage, pressing toward its fulfillment. Hebrews 10:36–37 articulates precisely this tension: the promise is certain, the Coming One is near, and our task is not anxious calculation but faithful endurance. St. Thomas Aquinas, commenting on this passage, links hypomonē (endurance) to the virtue of fortitudo — not mere patience, but the active courage to persevere in the face of genuine loss.
For Today
Contemporary Catholics face a culturally specific form of the temptation addressed here: not violent persecution, but the slow erosion of boldness — the parrēsia — that comes from social pressure, professional risk, and the quiet shame of belonging to an increasingly counter-cultural institution. The community in Hebrews had their property seized; many Catholics today face the subtler plundering of reputation, career opportunity, or social belonging for standing by Church teaching on life, marriage, or religious freedom.
The author's antidote is strikingly concrete: remember. Before any theological argument, he appeals to the community's own lived experience of fidelity. Catholic formation — through the liturgical calendar, the Lives of Saints, family storytelling about ancestors in faith, and parish community — is not ornamental but essential to this kind of memory. When we forget that we have endured before, we are more easily convinced that we cannot endure now.
Practically: when facing a moment of shrinking back — from naming one's faith at work, from accompanying a marginalized Catholic, from persisting in prayer during spiritual dryness — the words of verse 35 apply with full force: do not throw away your boldness. That boldness was purchased by baptism and sustained by the Eucharist. It is, as the author insists, not merely admirable but richly rewarded.
Cross-References