Isaiah 60:4–7

Isaiah 60:4 — "Lift up your eyes all around, and see"

The imperative "lift up your eyes" (Hebrew: śě'î-khî sābîb 'ênayikh ûre'î) echoes God's command to Abraham in Genesis 13:14, when the patriarch was told to survey the land promised to his descendants. Here the same gesture opens onto an even vaster horizon: not territory, but persons — a humanity on the move toward Zion. The returning exiles come "from afar" (mērāḥôq), the sons running and the daughters being carried on the hip, a vivid domestic image that renders the reunion tender and bodily. Isaiah deliberately blends the intimate and the cosmic: a mother does not simply observe the return of her children from a distance; she is physically implicated in it. The phrase "your sons shall come from afar" anticipates the Gentile dimension of the following verses, since by Isaiah 60:5–7 it becomes clear that not only Israel's children are gathering but the wealth and peoples of foreign nations as well.

Isaiah 60:5 — "Then you shall see and be radiant"

The Hebrew verb nāhar, here translated "be radiant," is remarkable: it is the same root as nāhār, "river," suggesting a flowing, surging brightness — not merely a glow but an overflow of light. Zion's face brightens as one whose heart "thrills" (pāḥad) and "expands" — the same verb used of fear, here paradoxically charged with awe and delight. The "abundance of the sea" (ḥîl hayyām) and the "wealth of the nations" (ḥêl gôyîm) turning toward Zion signals a reversal of the plunder pattern of ancient conquest: the nations are not coming to take but to give. What was stripped from Israel in exile is returned — and multiplied — through a voluntary, even liturgical, act of homage.

Isaiah 60:6 — "A multitude of camels will cover you"

The caravan imagery is precise and geographically loaded. Midian and Ephah were tribal territories in northwestern Arabia, renowned trading peoples. Sheba — almost certainly the kingdom in southwestern Arabia (modern Yemen), famous for gold, spices, and incense — sends its merchants not on commercial terms but as bearers of "gold and frankincense," and they come "proclaiming the praises of the LORD." The verb yěbaśśěrû ("proclaiming") is the same root as běśôrāh, "good news" — the very word that yields the Greek euangelion, "gospel." The nations do not merely deliver tribute; they become heralds, evangelists. This astonishing detail — foreign merchants as proclaimers of the LORD's praise — is among the most universalist moments in all of Isaiah 40–66.

Isaiah 60:7 — "All the flocks of Kedar shall be gathered to you"

Kedar designates the nomadic Arab tribes of the Syrian desert, often emblematic in Scripture of the untamed periphery of civilization (cf. Ps 120:5). Nebaioth, the firstborn son of Ishmael (Gen 25:13), represents another Ishmaelite tribal line — the descendants of Abraham's son by Hagar. That these peoples come to minister at the altar is extraordinary: the children of the servant woman, long outside the covenant, are drawn into worship at the LORD's "glorified house" (bêt tip'artî). The altar (mizbēaḥ) here is not metaphorical; the passage envisions a real liturgical act — animals accepted as holocaust offerings, the "house" of the LORD exalted.

Typological/Spiritual Senses

Catholic exegesis, following Origen, Jerome, and the mature tradition of the Fathers, reads Zion in this oracle as a type of the Church. The returning sons and daughters are the faithful gathered by evangelization from every nation. The camels, gold, and incense point forward typologically to the Magi of Matthew 2:1–12, who fulfill in miniature what Isaiah announces in full: Gentiles bearing gold and frankincense to worship the LORD-made-flesh. The "abundance of the sea" is the numberless multitude of the baptized. The proclamation of the LORD's praise by foreign merchants prefigures the missionary mandate: the Gospel going to the ends of the earth and returning as worship.

Catholic tradition brings several uniquely clarifying lenses to this passage.

The Church as the New Zion. The Second Vatican Council's Lumen Gentium (§2, 6) explicitly describes the Church as the "new People of God" gathered from all nations, foreshadowed in the prophets. This passage is among the most luminous of those foreshadowings. The Catechism of the Catholic Church (§767–768) teaches that the Church was "born" from the total gift of Christ and that her universal mission was prepared throughout Israel's history. Isaiah 60 is precisely that preparation: God training Israel's imagination to conceive of a house of prayer for all peoples (cf. Is 56:7).

The Magi as Fulfillment. St. Leo the Great (Sermon 33, "On the Epiphany") explicitly connects the gifts of the Magi — gold, frankincense, myrrh — to Isaiah 60:6. For Leo, the Magi are not merely historical figures but the "first fruits of the Gentiles," the vanguard of all nations making their way to Christ. The Catechism (§528) echoes this: the Epiphany reveals that "Jesus is the Messiah of Israel, the Son of God and Savior of the world; the great feast of the 'first-fruits of the nations.'"

Universal Priesthood and Liturgical Convergence. The image of Kedar's flocks ascending the altar (v.7) bears directly on the Catholic understanding of the Eucharist as the one sacrifice that gathers all peoples into a single liturgical act. St. Justin Martyr (Dialogue with Trypho, 28, 41) identified the Eucharist as the "pure offering" of Malachi 1:11, offered in every place among the Gentiles — the same universal worship Isaiah 60 envisions. The Catechism (§1350) describes the offertory as the Church bringing the "fruit of the earth and the work of human hands" — the nations' wealth, consecrated.

Missionary Dynamism. Pope Francis in Evangelii Gaudium (§14) recalls the missionary joy that should characterize the Church: precisely the thrilling, river-like radiance of verse 5. The Church is not a fortress but a radiant city drawing the nations — nāhar, shining and flowing at once.

For a Catholic today, Isaiah 60:4–7 is a bracing corrective to any ecclesiology of contraction. In an era when parish closures, secularization, and cultural fragmentation make it easy to imagine the Church as a shrinking remnant, Isaiah commands: lift up your eyes. The passage insists that the momentum of history is toward the Church, not away from her — not because of her human strength, but because God is drawing all peoples to Himself.

Concretely: a Catholic can pray these verses as an act of intercessory and missionary faith — placing before God the names of family members who have drifted from practice, of nations where Christians are persecuted, of cultures where the Gospel has not yet taken root. The "sons from afar" and "daughters carried on the hip" can become a prayer list.

The passage also challenges parishes to examine whether they are actually radiant and outward-facing — welcoming the stranger, the immigrant, the "Kedar" at the margins — or whether they have turned inward. The thrilling of the heart in verse 5 is not passive; it is the joy that moves a community to make itself a place where the nations want to bring their gifts.