Job 36:22–25

Job 36:22 — "Behold, God is exalted in his power." The Hebrew word translated "exalted" (śāgab) carries the sense of being set on high, inaccessibly lofty, beyond reach or challenge. Elihu is not simply making an aesthetic observation about God's greatness; he is making a juridical point directed straight at Job's implied complaint. The divine power (kōaḥ) is not raw force but the ordered, purposive strength by which God governs all things. The imperative "Behold" (hēn) demands attention — this is not background theology but a commanding summons to look, to direct the eyes of the mind upward. In the context of Job's suffering and his desire for a legal hearing before God (cf. Job 31:35), Elihu insists that the very premise of putting God on trial is absurd: the one Job would summon as defendant is infinitely exalted above any tribunal.

Job 36:23 — "Who has prescribed his way for him?" The verb "prescribed" (pāqad, or more precisely piqēd — to appoint, assign, or oversee) implies the authority of a superior over a subordinate. Elihu's rhetorical question is devastating: the answer is no one. No creature, no angel, no suffering human being can dictate the divine course of action or hold God accountable to a humanly conceived standard of justice. This verse strikes at the heart of the Book of Job's central tension. Job has been demanding that God explain Himself. Elihu does not deny that Job's suffering is real or that the question of theodicy is legitimate — but he insists the framework of human legal accountability simply cannot contain God. The implicit call is to move from litigation to adoration.

Job 36:24 — "Remember that you magnify his work." The imperative "Remember" (zākar) is liturgical in resonance — it is the same root used in the Psalms and the Torah for the act of covenantal memorial. Elihu is not asking Job to suppress his pain but to reorient his attention. To "magnify" (rômēm, to exalt, lift high) God's work is the proper human act — doxology as the response to incomprehensibility. The "work" (poʿal) refers to God's deeds in creation and history, the very fabric of reality that surrounds Job even in his suffering. Spiritually, this verse anticipates the great theophany of chapters 38–41, where God Himself will ask Job a series of questions about creation. Elihu's call to magnify prefigures Job's eventual silence and transformation.

Job 36:25 — "All men have looked on it." This universalizing statement is significant. The contemplation of God's works in creation is not the exclusive province of Israel or of the learned — it is the universal human vocation. Every person (kol-ʾādām, all of Adam's progeny) has gazed upon the divine handiwork. This resonates with the natural law tradition: God's power and divinity are perceptible through the created order to all rational beings. The "looking" (ḥāzāh) here is not mere sight but contemplative beholding, the kind of vision that ought to lead to worship. Together, verses 24–25 form a call to the universal doxological vocation of humanity: to see God's works and magnify them.

Typological/Spiritual Senses: In the spiritual sense, the "work" of God that all are called to magnify finds its supreme expression in the Incarnation and Paschal Mystery. The Word made flesh is the supreme poʿal of God — the deed by which all creation is recapitulated. The Church Fathers, particularly Origen and Augustine, saw passages like this as prophetically gesturing toward Christ as the definitive revelation of divine power and wisdom, the one in whom God's "way" is finally made visible (John 14:6) — yet still beyond human prescription or control.

Catholic tradition offers uniquely rich resources for interpreting these verses. The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches that "God transcends all creatures. We must therefore continually purify our language of everything in it that is limited, image-bound, or imperfect, if we are not to confuse our image of God — 'the inexpressible, the incomprehensible, the invisible, the ungraspable' — with our representations of him" (CCC 42). Elihu's question in verse 23 — "Who has prescribed his way?" — is a scriptural anticipation of this apophatic principle: divine sovereignty cannot be measured by human categories of justice or obligation.

St. Thomas Aquinas, in his Summa Theologiae (I, q. 25, a. 5), reflects deeply on the omnipotence of God, arguing that God's power is not constrained by any external standard — God acts according to His own infinite wisdom and goodness, which is the measure of all things, not the reverse. This is precisely Elihu's point.

St. Gregory the Great, who wrote a monumental commentary on Job (Moralia in Job), interprets passages like these as a call to move from the "outer court" of suffering and complaint into the "inner sanctuary" of contemplation. For Gregory, Job's purification through suffering ultimately leads to a higher knowledge of God — not intellectual mastery but mystical participation.

The First Vatican Council (Dei Filius, 1870) and Dei Verbum (Vatican II) both affirm that the human intellect can know God through creation (cf. Rom 1:20), giving dogmatic weight to verse 25's claim that all humanity beholds God's works. Yet this natural knowledge must be elevated by faith, which is itself a gift — underscoring that magnifying God (v. 24) is never a purely human achievement but a graced response.

Contemporary Catholics live in a culture saturated with the impulse to hold everything — institutions, authorities, even God — accountable to human-defined standards of fairness. When suffering strikes, the instinct is to demand explanations, to post grievances, to seek redress. Elihu's words are a bracing corrective: they do not silence legitimate lamentation (Job's raw cries are themselves Scripture), but they redirect the posture of the heart. The practice Elihu commends — magnifying God's works — is concretely available today in the Liturgy of the Hours, in the recitation of the Psalms, and in the Eucharist, where the Church does precisely what verse 24 commands: she "magnifies" the work of God in Christ through anamnesis and doxology. A Catholic facing inexplicable suffering might take up Elihu's challenge by praying a Psalm of praise before a Psalm of lament — not as denial, but as a deliberate act of reorientation, placing personal pain within the vast horizon of a sovereignty no human court can measure. The Magnificat of Mary (Luke 1:46–55) is the New Testament's most perfect fulfillment of verse 24.