Judith 15:8–10

Judith 15:8 — The Pilgrimage of the Leadership The arrival of Joakim the high priest and the elders "from Jerusalem" is a detail of tremendous weight. Jerusalem is the seat of the Temple, the covenant, and the Davidic inheritance; for its highest religious leaders to travel to Bethulia is a reversal of ordinary protocol. Normally the periphery honours the centre; here the centre honours the periphery — specifically, a widow dwelling in a besieged provincial town. The text is careful to say they came "to see the good things which the Lord had showed to Israel" before adding "and to see Judith." The theological priority is deliberate: they come first to perceive God's saving act, and only secondarily to honour the human instrument. This ordering prevents any misreading of Judith as a self-made hero; her glory is derivative, a radiance of divine action.

The word "greet" (Greek: aspasasthai) carries the resonance of formal liturgical greeting, the kind of solemn salutation exchanged in covenantal assembly — not mere social courtesty.

Judith 15:9 — The Threefold Acclamation The elders speak "with one accord" (en heni stomati), literally "with one mouth," a phrase used elsewhere in the Septuagint for the unanimous liturgical voice of Israel (cf. Ex 24:3). This is not a spontaneous outburst but a choral, almost liturgical proclamation. The three titles bestowed on Judith form a crescendo:

• "You are the exaltation of Jerusalem" — Judith has lifted up the holy city by removing the existential threat to Israel's worship and Temple life. She has, in a spiritual sense, raised Jerusalem's head.
• "You are the great glory of Israel" — Doxa (glory) is the term used in the LXX for the kabod of God, the luminous divine presence. To call Judith "the great glory of Israel" is to identify her with the visible radiance of God's favour resting on the nation.
• "You are the great rejoicing of our race" — The Greek agalliasis echoes the eschatological joy of salvation throughout the Psalms (cf. Ps 45; Ps 149). Judith's deed is a cause of joy not for a moment but for the whole people across generations.

These three acclamations move from place (Jerusalem) to people (Israel) to lineage (our race), encompassing the full compass of covenantal identity: land, nation, and ancestry.

Judith 15:10 — The Blessing and Its Grounds The elders ground their blessing in two distinct observations: first, the act itself — "You have done all these things by your hand" — and second, its covenantal fruit — "You have done with Israel the things that are good." The phrase "by your hand" (en cheiri sou) is classic Old Testament idiom for the agency through which God acts: Moses stretches out his hand over the Red Sea (Ex 14:16); Joshua's hand executes the ban. Judith's hand, which drove the sword through Holofernes, is thus placed in this line of covenantal instruments. "God is pleased with it" (kai eudokesen) is a phrase of divine approval applied to covenantal acts and, in the New Testament, to the Baptism of Christ (Mt 3:17). The final "May you be blessed by the Almighty Lord forever" (eis tous aionas) gives Judith's honour an eschatological permanence — it is not the acclaim of a moment but of eternity.

Catholic tradition has consistently read Judith as a type (typos) of the Virgin Mary, and these verses furnish the most explicit scriptural warrant for that typology. The Church Fathers, including St. Jerome (who translated the book into Latin for the Vulgate and defended its canonical status), saw in Judith the image of the woman who crushes the enemy of God's people. St. Bernard of Clairvaux, in his Homilies in Praise of the Virgin Mother, draws the line from Judith's liberating act directly to Mary's, noting that both women accomplish through lowliness and humility what armies could not.

The threefold acclamation of verse 9 has a direct liturgical echo in the Catholic Church. The three titles — exaltation, glory, rejoicing — find their Marian fulfilment in the Litany of Loreto, the Ave Maris Stella, and the Regina Caeli. The Catechism of the Catholic Church (§722) teaches that Mary is the place where the Holy Spirit prepares a dwelling for the Son of God, making her the true "glory of Israel." Vatican II's Lumen Gentium (§55) explicitly situates Judith among the Old Testament figures who prefigure Mary's role in salvation history, noting the "exalted Daughter of Zion" who advances and perfects God's saving plan.

The phrase "blessed by the Almighty Lord forever" (eis tous aionas) anticipates Elizabeth's greeting to Mary — "blessed are you among women" (Lk 1:42) — and Mary's own prophecy, "all generations will call me blessed" (Lk 1:48). The permanent, eschatological character of this blessing is realised most fully in the Assumption and Queenship of Mary, defined dogmatically in 1950 (Munificentissimus Deus) and affirmed in Lumen Gentium §59.

Beyond Mariology, this passage also speaks to the Catholic theology of lay vocation: a laywoman, a widow, operating outside the priestly structures, becomes the occasion for the high priest himself to travel and give honour. This anticipates the teaching of Lumen Gentium (§31) that the laity are called to transform the world from within, participating in the threefold office of Christ as priest, prophet, and king.

Contemporary Catholics, especially women, can find in this passage a powerful affirmation that God works through unexpected instruments in unexpected places. The elders do not summon Judith to Jerusalem to receive a prize; they go to her. This reversal challenges any tendency to conflate holiness with institutional status or visibility. Judith acted in obscurity, in prayer, in fasting — and God's glory was revealed through her.

For Catholics living in cultures that marginalise or trivialise faith, Judith's story is a summons to courageous action within one's own sphere. You need not hold office or wield power to be, in your family, workplace, or community, "the exaltation of Jerusalem" — the one through whose fidelity God lifts the spirits of those around you.

The acclamation "God is pleased with it" invites examination of conscience: Do the things I do with my hands — my labour, my choices, my service — bear the character of deeds with which God is pleased? The blessing of the Almighty, this passage insists, is not reserved for heroes of dramatic deeds; it rests permanently on anyone who, like Judith, places their hand in God's hand and acts.