Psalms 105:12–15

Psalms 105:12 — "when they were but a few men in number" The Psalm opens this unit with a stark demographic reality: the patriarchal family was numerically insignificant. The Hebrew kimʿat (but a few, easily countable) underlines their vulnerability. In the ancient Near East, survival depended on tribal strength, alliances, and territory. The patriarchs had none of these. The phrase echoes Deuteronomy 26:5 ("a wandering Aramean was my father"), the great creedal summary of Israel's origins, and 7:7, where God chooses Israel precisely because it is the fewest of peoples. God's election, the Psalmist insists, does not follow the logic of human power — it inverts it. The "few men" are Abraham in Canaan, Isaac among the Philistines, and Jacob in Paddan-Aram and later Egypt; the Psalm compresses generations into a single portrait of perpetual smallness.

Psalms 105:13 — "They went about from nation to nation" The Hebrew wayyithallĕkû mîggôy ʾel-gôy captures restless, repeated movement — not a single journey but a pattern of displacement. The patriarchs were gerim, resident aliens, who possessed no permanent standing in any land. Abraham sojourns in Egypt (Gen 12) and among the Hittites (Gen 23); Isaac dwells among the Philistines of Gerar (Gen 26); Jacob flees to Laban and later descends to Egypt. From a human standpoint, this itinerancy is a liability. But the Psalm reframes it: this wandering is the theater of God's particular attention. The lack of a fixed homeland does not mean abandonment; it means that God himself becomes the patriarchs' only stable dwelling — a theme the New Testament will radicalize in Hebrews 11:13–16. The phrase "from nation to nation" also anticipates Israel's future mission: the people shaped in wandering will eventually carry God's name to the nations.

Psalms 105:14 — "He allowed no one to do them wrong" This is the theological hinge of the cluster. The Hebrew lōʾ-nātan ʾîš lĕʿoššĕqām — "he did not permit a man to oppress them" — implies active divine restraint. This is not passive divine indifference or retrospective comfort; it is God holding back the hand of kings. The concrete episode behind this language is the repeated endangerment of the matriarchs: Pharaoh's seizure of Sarah (Gen 12:10–20), Abimelech's near-violation of her (Gen 20), and Abimelech's dealings with Rebekah (Gen 26). In each case, God intervenes directly — through plague, through dream, through confrontation — to prevent the wrong from being carried to its end. The Psalm universalizes these specific incidents: the patriarchs traveled through a world that could have consumed them, and it did not, because God stood between them and their oppressors. This verse is not triumphalism but testimony: the covenant survived not by the patriarchs' ingenuity but by divine prerogative.

Psalms 105:15 — "Do not touch my anointed ones!" The divine speech quoted here ("al-tîgĕʿû bîmšîḥāy") is one of the most striking moments in the Psalm. The word mĕšîḥîm — "anointed ones" — applied here to the patriarchs is theologically explosive. In the broader Old Testament, anointing designates kings (1 Sam 16:13), priests (Lev 8:12), and ultimately the Messiah. Its application to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob — who received no physical anointing rite — signals that their election itself constitutes a form of consecration. They are set apart, made sacred, by divine choice. The parallel line, "Do no harm to my prophets," confirms this: the patriarchs are recipients and transmitters of divine revelation (cf. Gen 20:7, where God explicitly calls Abraham a prophet). The verse functions as a divine decree of inviolability. God is not merely watching over them; he has publicly staked his own name on their protection.

Typological Sense: The Church Fathers read the "anointed ones" christologically and ecclesially. If the patriarchs prefigure Christ — the Anointed One par excellence — then this verse anticipates the Father's protection of the Son and, in him, of the whole Body. The "few men" who wander become the type of the pilgrim Church moving through history, small and vulnerable, yet shielded by God's inviolable word.

Catholic tradition brings several distinctive lenses to these verses.

The Patriarchs as Bearers of the Covenant: The Catechism of the Catholic Church (§ 59–61) teaches that God's covenant with Abraham is the foundation of the entire economy of salvation. Psalm 105:12–15 shows the fragility of that foundation from a human perspective — and thus the glory of divine fidelity. God does not choose the strong and then maintain them; he chooses the weak and constitutes their strength. This is directly connected to what the CCC (§ 153) calls the nature of faith itself: it is a gift that inverts human calculation.

"Anointed Ones" and Baptismal Consecration: St. Augustine, in his Expositions on the Psalms (Ps. 104 in LXX numbering), notes that the title "anointed" given to the patriarchs prefigures the anointing every Christian receives in baptism and confirmation. The Second Vatican Council's Lumen Gentium (§ 10–12) recovers this patristic insight in its teaching on the "common priesthood of the faithful" — all the baptized share in Christ's threefold office of priest, prophet, and king. When Catholic readers encounter "my anointed ones," they are reading their own identity: those consecrated in Christ, made inviolable not by social power but by divine declaration.

Providence and the Pilgrim Church: St. Thomas Aquinas (Summa Theologiae I, Q. 22) argues that providence governs not by eliminating contingency but by directing all things — including the threatening movements of foreign kings — toward God's ends. Psalm 105:14 is a scriptural icon of this teaching. God does not remove the patriarchs from danger; he governs the danger itself.

"Do not touch" as Prophetic Protection: Pope John Paul II, in Pastores Dabo Vobis (§ 2), echoes this verse's logic when he describes the Church's prophetic mission as grounded in divine calling, not human mandate — a calling that carries its own protection precisely because it is God's word, not ours, that is being proclaimed.

Contemporary Catholics frequently experience the dissonance between the smallness of the Church's visible presence in secular culture and the grandeur of her claims. Psalm 105:12–15 offers not a naive reassurance but a theologically grounded orientation: God has always operated through the "few men in number." The patriarchs did not wait for cultural dominance before living the covenant.

For the individual Catholic, verse 14 — "He allowed no one to do them wrong" — is not a promise of immunity from suffering, but a declaration that no opposition, however powerful, can ultimately undo what God has set in motion in a soul consecrated to him. This is especially potent for Catholics navigating hostile workplaces, family estrangements over faith, or cultural marginalization.

Verse 15 carries a direct invitation: Catholics are, by baptism, "anointed ones." Living from that identity — rather than from social approval or institutional prestige — is the spiritual challenge these verses pose. The practical question is concrete: In what area of my life am I waiting for permission from the surrounding "nations" before acting as someone God has anointed and called?