Catholic Commentary
Closing Trust and Lament: Divine Protection Amid Persistent Evil
7You will keep them, Yahweh. You will preserve them from this generation forever.8The wicked walk on every side, when what is vile is exalted among the sons of men.
Psalms 12:7–8 contrasts God's protective covenant keeping with the persistent, encircling threat of wickedness in the world. The psalmist declares trust in Yahweh's guarding faithfulness toward the vulnerable and His word, even as evil openly parades on every side, creating an unresolved liturgical tension that reflects the reality of faithful existence amid hostile circumstance.
God's promise to keep you stands unshaken precisely because the wicked walk openly on every side—faith is not for a sanitized world but for this one.
Origen, in his Selecta in Psalmos, identifies the "wicked who walk on every side" with the spiritual powers of disorder — not merely human sinners, but the deep current of rebellion against God that shapes entire cultures and ages. Thomas Aquinas, in his Commentary on the Psalms, reads the verse as describing the condition of the Church militant: the faithful are guarded (v. 7) yet never exempt from surrounding hostility (v. 8) until the eschatological consummation.
The Typological and Spiritual Senses
At the typological level, the "them" who are kept points forward to the remnant of Israel and ultimately to the Church — the little flock (Luke 12:32) whom the Father keeps in the Son's name (John 17:11–12). The "wicked walking on every side" anticipates the condition of the early martyrs and, by extension, every era of the Church's persecution. The juxtaposition of verses 7 and 8 is thus the very shape of Church history: kept by God, surrounded by evil, not yet in final glory.
Christologically, Catholic exegetes from Cassiodorus onward read verse 7 as a prophetic statement about Christ's guarding of His own — He who said "I am the good shepherd" (John 10:11) and promised that no one would snatch His sheep from His hand (John 10:28–29). The encircling wicked of verse 8 find their fullest expression in the passion narrative, where Jesus is literally surrounded — betrayed, abandoned, encircled by His enemies — yet kept by the Father unto resurrection.
Catholic tradition uniquely illuminates these verses at several intersecting levels.
First, the theology of divine providence as articulated in the Catechism of the Catholic Church §§302–308 provides the doctrinal framework for verse 7. Providence is not an impersonal mechanism but the personal care of the God who "keeps" His people — actively, watchfully, covenantally. The Catechism (§303) insists that God's governance does not bypass human freedom or eliminate suffering but works through and within the conditions of a fallen world — precisely the dynamic these two verses embody.
Second, the theology of the Church militant (CCC §954) gives verse 8 its ecclesiological weight. The Church on earth exists in a state of genuine spiritual warfare (cf. Ephesians 6:12). The wicked walking on every side is not metaphor but lived reality for Catholics who take seriously the full scope of original sin's effects on society (CCC §§1865–1869, the "social sin" teaching). Pope John Paul II's Centesimus Annus and Veritatis Splendor both address how moral evil becomes structurally embedded — "vileness exalted" in the language of the psalm.
Third, Augustine's principle from the City of God (Book XIX) — that the two cities are intermingled in history until the final judgment — is the perfect theological lens for the juxtaposition of verses 7 and 8. The civitas Dei is kept by God; the civitas terrena surrounds it on every side. The psalm does not promise escape from this condition but faithfulness within it.
Finally, the seven-times-refined silver of verse 6 (the immediate context of verse 7's promise) resonates with the Catholic understanding of Scripture itself as the pure word of God preserved through the Church's Magisterium — kept, as verse 7 promises, from ultimate corruption.
For contemporary Catholics, these two verses together offer not consolation on the cheap but honest, bracing companionship in faith. Verse 7 is a prayer to be prayed with conviction in moments of genuine threat — not as a magic formula but as a covenantal address to the God who has bound Himself to His people. In an age of religious persecution in many parts of the world, of Catholics losing jobs or relationships for their beliefs, of a cultural environment where Christian sexual ethics and pro-life convictions are publicly ridiculed, verse 8 is simply true: the wicked do walk on every side. The temptation is either despair or denial — to conclude that God has abandoned the field, or to pretend the hostility is not real.
The psalm refuses both escapes. The practical invitation is to hold both verses simultaneously: to pray verse 7 with the full knowledge of verse 8. This is what the Mass itself teaches — we confess the Creed surrounded by a world that rejects it; we receive the Lord who was encircled by enemies. The daily Liturgy of the Hours, which includes Psalm 12, places this confession in our mouths precisely so that it becomes the rhythm of our waking and sleeping — kept by God, undeceived about the world.
Commentary
Psalms 12:7 — "You will keep them, Yahweh"
The Hebrew verb tišmərēm ("you will keep them") is drawn from the root šāmar, which carries the full weight of watchful, covenantal guarding — the same root used of God "keeping" Israel in the Aaronic blessing (Numbers 6:24) and of the LORD who "keeps Israel" and "neither slumbers nor sleeps" (Psalm 121:4). The pronoun "them" is grammatically complex: it may refer to the "poor and needy" introduced in verse 5, or to the "pure words" of God described in verse 6 (words refined like silver seven times in a furnace). Catholic tradition has generally received both readings as spiritually complementary — God keeps both His word and His people, and indeed the two are inseparable. Augustine reads the verse as God guarding the humble faithful from the snares catalogued throughout the psalm: flattery, deceit, and the arrogance of the powerful (cf. vv. 2–4).
The directness of address — Yahweh, the covenantal name — is significant. The psalmist does not merely assert an abstract principle of divine providence; he speaks to a Person who has bound Himself in fidelity to His people. This is not the passive hope of one abandoned to chance, but the active confidence of one who knows the character of the One he addresses. Jerome, in his commentary on the Psalms, notes that such address is itself an act of praise — to name God as the guardian is already to glorify Him.
The future tense ("will keep") holds the promise forward into time. Protection is not merely recalled from the past; it is expected in the present crisis. The verse thus functions liturgically as a vow of trust spoken into the darkness — a performative act of faith that reorients the lamenting community.
Psalms 12:8 — "The wicked walk on every side"
Verse 8 delivers a jolt. Rather than resolving the psalm in comfort, the final verse returns the reader to the ground-level reality: yissōbəbûn rəšāʿîm — "the wicked walk about / prowl on every side." The verb sābab suggests circular, encircling movement — the imagery is almost predatory, like hunters surrounding prey. This is no passing threat but an encompassing, ambient evil. The fuller Hebrew of verse 8 typically continues: "when vileness is exalted among the sons of men" — linking the prevalence of wickedness to cultural and social enshrinement of what is base.
Far from undermining verse 7, this verse deepens its urgency. The promise of God's keeping is not made in a sanitized world where evil has retreated; it is made precisely , in this world where wickedness parades openly. The psalm refuses to domesticate either the threat or the trust. This is the realism of biblical faith: God's faithfulness is confessed not after the storm has passed but in its midst.