Catholic Commentary
Closing Doxology: Exaltation of Yahweh's Strength
13Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength, so we will sing and praise your power.
Psalms 21:13 is a closing doxology in which the psalmist calls upon God to be exalted in divine strength, using a jussive form that functions as both prayer and liturgical petition rather than mere declaration. The verse's emphasis on God's strength echoes the psalm's opening, framing all the king's victories as products of divine power rather than human prowess, culminating in the community's pledge to sing and praise God's supremacy.
The final cry "Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength" is not a request that God become something He is not—it is a community refusing to steal the glory that belongs to Him alone.
St. Thomas Aquinas, commenting on the Psalms, notes that doxologies at the close of psalms serve a pedagogical function: they correct any temptation to attribute the victories described to human agency. This verse is therefore not merely liturgical ornament — it is a theological corrective, a safeguard against the idolatry of power.
Catholic tradition illuminates this verse with particular richness through its theology of glory (gloria Dei) and its understanding of liturgy as participation in heavenly worship.
The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches that "the glory of God is the living man, and the life of man is the vision of God" (CCC §294, citing St. Irenaeus). Psalm 21:13's cry "Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength" is a pre-eminent act of giving glory to God — recognizing that all creaturely power is derivative, instrumental, and ordered toward the manifestation of divine majesty. This is not a passive acknowledgment; it is an active liturgical surrender of all human achievement back to its Source.
The Second Vatican Council's Sacrosanctum Concilium (§7, §83) teaches that the Liturgy of the Hours, in which the Psalms form the backbone, is a participation in the very praise that Christ, the eternal High Priest, offers to the Father. When the Church prays "Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength," she joins her voice to Christ's own priestly intercession. The doxology of Psalm 21:13 is thus not merely an ancient Israelite acclamation but an act of the whole Christ — Head and members — offering glory to the Father.
The Church Fathers, particularly St. Hilary of Poitiers in his Tractatus super Psalmos, emphasize that the "strength" (virtus/ōz) celebrated here is identified with the Holy Spirit, through whom the Father raised Christ from the dead (Rom 1:4; 8:11). The doxology thus has an implicitly Trinitarian structure: the Son (the King whose victories fill the psalm) cries out that the Father be exalted in the Spirit's power. This anticipates the Trinitarian doxologies that would become the formal conclusion of psalms in Christian liturgy — "Glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit."
For the contemporary Catholic, Psalm 21:13 challenges a subtle but pervasive form of self-reliance: the tendency to pray for God's help, receive it, and then quietly take credit for the outcome. The verse's structure — "Be exalted in your strength" — insists that even the power we feel within us when we succeed, when we resist temptation, when we overcome suffering, is properly His strength working through us (Phil 4:13).
Practically, this verse is an invitation to close every significant undertaking — a project completed, a difficult conversation navigated, a healing received, a temptation overcome — with a deliberate act of doxology. The ancient practice of the Gloria Patri at the end of each psalm in the Liturgy of the Hours is precisely this: a habit of returning all things to God. Catholics who pray the Divine Office daily are literally trained by this verse, week after week, to resist the idolatry of self-sufficiency.
In a culture that celebrates personal achievement and individual strength as ultimate virtues, this single verse is an act of cultural resistance: it declares that human strength is most glorified when it points beyond itself to its divine source.
Commentary
Literal and Structural Meaning
Psalm 21 is a royal psalm in two movements: verses 1–7 praise Yahweh for the blessings He has showered upon the king, and verses 8–13 depict the king's enemies being overthrown by divine power. Psalms 21:13 — "Be exalted, Yahweh, in your strength" — is the psalm's capstone. The Hebrew verb rûmāh (be exalted, be high, be lifted up) is a jussive of wish or prayer: not a mere declaration that God is high, but an active, urgent petition that He rise and be made manifest in His greatness. The psalmist is not informing God of something God does not know; rather, this is a liturgical acclamation, calling the community to acknowledge and celebrate what is already true.
The phrase "in your strength" (b'ozzekā) is crucial. The Hebrew ōz — strength, might, power — echoes the very opening of the psalm (v. 1, "The king rejoices in your strength, Yahweh"), forming a deliberate inclusio. The entire psalm is thus bracketed by the strength of Yahweh. Every victory described in between — the king's long life, his glory, his triumph over enemies — is explicitly attributed not to the king's own prowess but to divine ōz. The closing verse drives this home: it is God's strength that must be exalted, not the human king's.
The Call to Song
The second half of the verse, "we will sing and praise your power" (v. 13b in most traditions), completes the doxology by moving from petition to communal response. The word nāšîrāh ("we will sing") and n'zammĕrāh ("we will make music/praise") are cohortatives — expressions of the community's resolve and delight. This is not reluctant worship but the spontaneous overflowing of a people who have witnessed God act. The verb zmr is associated with skilled, joyful, often instrumental praise throughout the Psalter (cf. Ps 47:6–7; 98:4–5). The assembly does not merely observe Yahweh's strength; it responds with the whole person — voice, instrument, and heart.
Typological and Spiritual Senses
The Church Fathers consistently read the royal psalms as referring ultimately to Christ, the true and eternal King. Verse 13's plea that Yahweh be "exalted" in His strength finds its fullest realization in the Paschal Mystery. The Resurrection is precisely the moment when the Father exalts the Son in divine strength — lifting Him from death, vindicating Him before all enemies, and enthroning Him at His right hand (Acts 2:33; Phil 2:9). St. Augustine, in his , reads the entire Psalm 21 (his Psalm 20 in the LXX numbering) as the voice of Christ and His Body the Church, and the final doxology as the Church's eternal song of praise for the victory won at Calvary and Easter. The "strength" in which Yahweh is exalted is, for Augustine, the power of the Cross itself — in human eyes that is revealed as the supreme of divine love.