Catholic Commentary
Closing Exhortation to the Community of the Faithful
23Oh love Yahweh, all you his saints! Yahweh preserves the faithful, and fully recompenses him who behaves arrogantly.24Be strong, and let your heart take courage, all you who hope in Yahweh.
Psalms 31:23–24 commands God's covenant community to love the Lord actively and deliberately, and to find courage through trust in his faithful preservation. The exhortation echoes Israel's ancient commissioning before uncertain trials, grounding spiritual courage not in human emotion but in the expectation of divine action.
God's faithfulness to you is not private—it demands a public overflow of love and courage into your community.
The final phrase, "all you who wait for Yahweh" (hamyaḥălîm laYHWH), is the ultimate qualifier: this courage belongs to those who practice yāḥal — hope in the sense of active, sustained waiting. This is not passive resignation but vigilant expectation, the posture of one who knows that God acts in history and leans into that certainty even when deliverance is not yet visible.
The Typological and Spiritual Senses
Read through the lens of Christian tradition, these two verses reach their fullness in Christ. Jesus, who prayed verse 5 of this psalm from the Cross ("Into your hands I commend my spirit"), fulfills the role of the ḥāsîd par excellence — the Holy One who trusts utterly and is vindicated. His community, the Church, is therefore the assembly addressed in verses 23–24: those whom His resurrection has made capable of genuine love for the Father, and whose courage is rooted not in human resolve but in Paschal victory.
Catholic tradition draws from these two verses a rich theology of both love as command and courage as gift.
Love as Theological Virtue, Not Mere Feeling. The Catechism of the Catholic Church (CCC 1822) defines charity (caritas) as "the theological virtue by which we love God above all things for his own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God." The command of verse 23 — love Yahweh — is precisely the Old Testament foundation for this teaching. Augustine of Hippo, commenting on the Psalms, insists that true love of God is not affective sentiment alone but an ordered love (ordo amoris) — the alignment of the whole self toward God as the Supreme Good. "Our heart is restless until it rests in Thee" is not merely autobiography; it is the anthropological claim underlying verse 23's imperative.
Courage as a Gift of the Spirit. Verse 24's call to fortitude resonates deeply with the Catholic theology of the gifts of the Holy Spirit. The gift of fortitude (CCC 1808) "ensures firmness in difficulties and constancy in the pursuit of the good." Thomas Aquinas (ST II-II, q. 123) identifies fortitude as a cardinal virtue that moderates fear and recklessness, enabling the soul to endure hardship in service of the highest good. Verse 24 is thus not a call to heroic self-reliance but an invitation to receive what the Spirit offers: the strengthened heart.
The Church as the Community of the ḥăsîdîm. Vatican II's Lumen Gentium (§9) describes the Church as the new People of God, bound together not by ethnic origin but by covenant faith. The plural address of verses 23–24 — all you his saints, all you who wait — anticipates this ecclesial reality: personal salvation is never finally private but always orientates the believer outward, into the community and then toward its Lord.
These two verses close a psalm of intense personal suffering and rescue with a communal trumpet blast — and that movement itself is a spiritual discipline for today's Catholic. The temptation in contemporary spirituality is toward a privatized faith: my relationship with God, my prayer life, my journey. Psalm 31:23–24 insists that the experience of being rescued by God must overflow into communal exhortation. When you have been heard by God — in illness, grief, temptation, or failure — you are commissioned to tell the community: love Him, be brave.
Concretely: a Catholic who has passed through a trial of faith and emerged — perhaps through the sacrament of Reconciliation after long absence, or through a medical crisis, or through a marriage that nearly broke — carries something that the pew next to them may desperately need. The summons of verse 23 is a call to active witness, not passive relief. And verse 24's charge to courage directly addresses those Catholics who find it increasingly countercultural to hold firm in Church teaching, moral conviction, or public religious practice. The courage commanded here is not manufactured — it flows from waiting on Yahweh, from regular Eucharistic encounter, from the patient practice of lectio divina and sacramental life. Strength is received before it is expressed.
Commentary
Psalms 31:23 — "Oh love Yahweh, all you his saints!"
The psalm closes not with a whisper but with a proclamation. The imperative "love" (Hebrew ʾahăbû) is striking: love, so often treated in modern sensibility as purely an emotion, is here a command issued to a community. This is consistent with the Shema (Deut 6:5), where Israel is commanded to love Yahweh with the totality of one's being. The psalmist is not urging a sentiment but a covenantal orientation — a deliberate, sustained act of loyalty and attachment to God.
The recipients are "his saints" (ḥăsîdāyw), derived from the Hebrew root ḥesed, meaning covenantal loving-kindness or steadfast love. The ḥăsîdîm are thus those defined by their participation in God's own ḥesed — they have received it, and they are called to embody and return it. This is not merely a spiritual elite; it is the entire covenant community insofar as they live in fidelity to the relationship God has established. The psalmist has just testified (vv. 21–22) that Yahweh preserved him in a moment of crisis, and now, from that experience of mercy, flows the urgent exhortation: because God loves like this, love Him in return.
The verse continues in its fuller form (beyond the two-verse cluster): "Yahweh preserves the faithful" — the word ʾĕmûnîm now (the truly faithful, the steadfast ones) — providing the theological ground for the command. To love Yahweh is not a risk; it is the most rational and life-giving orientation possible, because He guards those who commit to Him.
Psalms 31:24 — "Be strong, and let your heart take courage"
This closing charge echoes the commissioning formula familiar from the Hebrew scriptures. The phrase "be strong and courageous" (ḥizqû weyaʾamēts libbĕkem) resonates with God's own words to Joshua before the entrance into Canaan (Josh 1:6–9) and with Moses' charge to Israel in Deuteronomy 31:6. The deliberate echo is not accidental: just as Israel was called to courage in the face of uncertain conquest, the community of the faithful is here called to courage in the ongoing spiritual combat of covenant life.
Crucially, the command is not to muster courage from one's own reserves but to allow the heart to be strengthened — a yielding to divine empowerment. The "heart" (lēb) in Hebrew anthropology is the seat of will, intellect, and moral choice, not merely feeling. Courage here is not the suppression of fear but the deepening of trust that makes action possible despite fear.