Catholic Commentary
A Call to Wake Up and Repent
2Wake up and strengthen the things that remain, which you were about to throw away, for I have found no works of yours perfected before my God.3Remember therefore how you have received and heard. Keep it and repent. If therefore you won’t watch, I will come as a thief, and you won’t know what hour I will come upon you.
Revelation 3:2–3 contains Christ's rebuke to the church at Sardis for spiritual complacency and incomplete works, urging them to strengthen their remaining faith and remember their original gospel reception. He warns that without vigilance and repentance, he will come unexpectedly in judgment, demanding both a decisive conversion and sustained daily fidelity to what was apostolically received.
Sardis has mistaken the appearance of faith for its reality—and Christ's warning is mercy, not condemnation, because the embers are not yet cold.
Revelation 3:2 — "Wake up and strengthen the things that remain"
The Greek verb grēgoreō ("wake up," "be watchful") is a present imperative, demanding not a single act but an ongoing posture of alertness. Sardis had a reputation for being alive, yet Christ's diagnosis is almost clinical: not dead, but dying—the things that "remain" (loipa) are the last embers of a fire nearly out. The word loipa is precisely chosen; it is not the whole, but the remnant, suggesting that a portion of authentic faith and practice has already been lost without the community even noticing. This is the spiritual danger unique to Sardis: not persecution or heresy from outside, but interior collapse through complacency.
"Strengthen" (stērixon) echoes Christ's instruction to Peter in Luke 22:32—"when you have turned back, strengthen your brothers"—binding the Sardian church's renewal to the same apostolic charge. The works Christ has "found" (heurēka—perfect tense, a completed judgment) are pronounced "not perfected before my God." The word peplērōmena ("perfected," "filled up," "complete") suggests works that are begun but never completed, intentions never carried through to their proper end. This is not the condemnation of overt wickedness, but of spiritual mediocrity—the half-measures and half-commitments of a community that has mistaken the appearance of religion for its reality.
Revelation 3:3 — "Remember therefore how you have received and heard"
The command to remember (mnēmoneue) is one of the most pastoral in the book of Revelation. The church is not instructed to discover something new but to recover something already given. The deposit of faith—received (eilēphas) and heard (ēkousas)—is the original apostolic proclamation. Both verbs are perfect tense: the receiving and hearing are completed events with lasting effects, describing the moment of evangelization and initiation that constituted this community. The present apathy of Sardis is set against the historical vividness of that first encounter with the gospel.
"Keep it and repent" — the double imperative (tērei kai metanoeison) is deliberately asymmetrical. "Keep" is present tense (an ongoing, daily fidelity to what was received), while "repent" is aorist (a decisive, punctiliar turning). Together they demand both a moment of conversion and a lifetime of sustained fidelity. This pairing resists two errors: the error of thinking repentance is a one-time event requiring no ongoing vigilance, and the error of thinking daily perseverance can substitute for genuine interior conversion.
The thief image ("I will come as a thief") appears in 1 Thessalonians 5:2, 2 Peter 3:10, and Matthew 24:43–44, always signifying unexpected judgment rather than malice. Christ claims here to be that very thief—he is not the one caught unaware, but the one doing the surprising. The conditional ("if you won't watch") makes this a mercy: the warning itself is an act of grace, an invitation to prevent what is otherwise inevitable. The specific "hour" (poian hōran) recalls the cosmic "hour" language of the Passion and the final judgment, binding the local situation of one church to the eschatological horizon of all history.
Catholic tradition reads these verses at the intersection of several profound doctrinal currents.
Grace and Cooperation: The Catechism teaches that "the preparation of man for the reception of grace is already a work of grace" (CCC 2001). Sardis has not lost all grace—the "things that remain" are themselves grace-given. Yet those remnants require human cooperation to be strengthened. This is the Catholic doctrine of synergism against both Pelagianism (which would assume the community can revive itself by will alone) and quietism (which would wait passively for God to act). St. Augustine's formula, qui fecit te sine te, non salvabit te sine te ("He who made you without you will not save you without you," Sermon 169), captures the precise tension Christ holds in verse 2.
The Deposit of Faith: The instruction to "remember how you have received and heard" is a direct theological analogue to Paul's paradosis (the tradition handed on in 1 Cor 11:23 and 15:3) and to the Catechism's teaching that "the Church, in her doctrine, life, and worship, perpetuates and transmits to every generation all that she herself is, all that she believes" (CCC 78). The verb paralambánō (to receive) is the same vocabulary of apostolic Tradition. Sardis is not called to theological innovation but to fidelity—a distinctly Catholic instinct.
Metanoia and the Sacrament of Penance: The call to repent (metanoeison) has been consistently read by the Fathers as implying more than interior disposition. St. Cyprian (On the Lapsed) and the Council of Trent (Session XIV) both insist that true repentance involves confession, contrition, and amendment of life—the architecture of the sacrament. The aorist imperative implies that a decisive act is required, not merely a vague regret.
Eschatological Vigilance: The Second Vatican Council (Lumen Gentium 48) reaffirmed that the Church, though already redeemed, still awaits final consummation and must remain vigilant. The thief imagery in verse 3 enforces what the Council calls the "pilgrim" nature of the Church: always en route, never yet arrived, always in need of renewal (semper reformanda).
The church at Sardis is not a first-century curiosity—it is a mirror held up to every Catholic parish, community, and individual soul that runs on inherited momentum rather than living faith. Consider the Catholic who attends Mass regularly, keeps the exterior forms, and would be surprised to be called spiritually dead—precisely because the outward observance masks an interior vacancy. Christ does not address Sardis with contempt but with grief and urgency; the embers are not yet cold.
For the contemporary Catholic, three concrete applications press themselves forward. First, examine your works not for their existence but for their completion: do your prayers trail off, your charitable commitments lapse, your resolutions evaporate before bearing fruit? The Lord finds works "not perfected"—begun but not finished. Second, return deliberately to the moment of your own reception of faith: baptism, confirmation, a conversion experience, a retreat. What was given to you then that you have set aside? The call is to remember, not to reinvent. Third, make use of the Sacrament of Confession not as a spiritual formality but as the concrete, sacramental form of the metanoeison commanded here—a real turning, with a real act, toward a real person. The thief comes for those who have stopped watching. The warning is the mercy.
Commentary