Job 15:27–30

Job 15:27 — "Because he has covered his face with his fatness" The Hebrew term for "fatness" (חֵלֶב, ḥēlev) carries a double resonance: it denotes both literal corpulence and the choicest, richest portion of an animal—the very fat reserved in Levitical law for God alone (Lev 3:16). Eliphaz's charge is thus pointed: the wicked man has appropriated for himself what belongs to God. His self-indulgence is not merely physical gluttony but a theological usurpation. The image of the face being "covered" (kāsāh) with fat suggests not just obesity but a kind of blindness—the senses and moral perception suffocated beneath layers of self-satisfaction. Gregory the Great, in his Moralia in Job, reads fatness of the face as the smothering of the soul's interior sight by carnality: "When the mind is fattened with the pleasures of the flesh, the eyes of the heart are closed and it cannot see the light of truth." The man who has made comfort his god can no longer perceive his own spiritual ruin.

Job 15:28 — "He has lived in desolate cities" This verse is among the most vivid in Eliphaz's speech. The wicked man inhabits cities that have become rubble, houses that no one will rebuild (lō' yibbāneh). The paradox is stark: the very man who seemed to accumulate and expand ends up possessing nothing but ruins. In the ancient Near Eastern worldview, a thriving city was a sign of divine blessing; a desolate city was the mark of divine judgment (cf. Deut 29:23; Isa 13:19–22). The wicked man therefore becomes the living embodiment of a curse: he dwells in the cursed land rather than in the blessed inheritance. Spiritually, this desolation is the condition of a soul that has pursued created goods to the exclusion of the Creator—what Augustine calls the soul that has "built a city" in the love of self (amor sui), only to find it collapsing from within.

Job 15:29 — "He will not be rich, neither will his substance continue" Eliphaz employs three clauses of negation—he will not be rich, his substance will not continue, and his possessions will not spread—to indicate total, comprehensive reversal. The Hebrew word translated "substance" (ḥêl) can also mean "wealth," "strength," or "army," implying the full range of human power and resource. What the wicked man trusts to sustain him—material wealth, social power, physical might—will utterly fail. This is not merely a prediction about economic misfortune; it is a statement about the ontological futility of a life rooted in anything other than God. The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches that sin "diminishes man" and turns him away from the ultimate good (CCC 1849), and this diminishment is precisely what Eliphaz, however imperfectly, witnesses to: the wicked man's resources contract in proportion to the depth of his rejection of God.

Job 15:30 — "He will not depart out of darkness" The climax of Eliphaz's portrait is darkness (ḥōšek)—a motif that echoes the primordial chaos of Genesis 1:2 and anticipates the New Testament's language of outer darkness (Matt 8:12; 22:13). The wicked man is not merely surrounded by darkness; he cannot depart from it. It is his permanent habitation. The flame (šalhebet) of divine judgment dries up even his shoots—his progeny, his future, his hope of continuation. Eliphaz uses agricultural imagery (shoots, branches, fruit) to describe total extinction. For the Church Fathers, this "darkness" was read as a figure of hell itself—not merely the absence of light, but the positive experience of the soul's self-imposed exile from the Light who is God. St. John Chrysostom writes that the outer darkness is not imposed from without but is the soul's own blindness, hardened into permanence by repeated rejection of grace.

The Typological and Spiritual Senses While Eliphaz incorrectly applies these truths to Job (a just man), the Church's tradition of the sensus plenior finds in this passage a real and applicable truth about the logic of sin. Taken together, the four verses trace a coherent spiritual anatomy of perdition: sensual self-satisfaction (v. 27) → alienation from community and true belonging (v. 28) → loss of all genuine goods (v. 29) → permanent entrenchment in spiritual darkness (v. 30). This is precisely the pattern the Church identifies in mortal sin: a free act that destroys charity, darkens the intellect, and, if unrepented, issues in eternal separation from God (CCC 1855–1861).

Catholic tradition illuminates this passage on several distinct levels. First, the Church Fathers consistently read the Book of Job as a prefiguration of Christ's passion, and Eliphaz's speech—however misguidedly directed—contains truths that rebound back upon the speaker. Gregory the Great's Moralia in Job (arguably the most comprehensive patristic commentary on the book) treats Eliphaz as a figure of those who speak orthodox truths but apply them with pride and without charity, making him a warning against theological correctness divorced from love. The truth of God's judgment on wickedness is real; the pastoral cruelty of applying it to an innocent sufferer is a sin. This is a distinctly Catholic caution: sound doctrine must be accompanied by the virtue of prudence.

Second, verse 30's "darkness" is directly connected in Catholic moral theology to the doctrine of hell as the definitive state of self-exclusion from God. The Catechism teaches: "The chief punishment of hell is eternal separation from God, in whom alone man can possess the life and happiness for which he was created and for which he longs" (CCC 1035). Eliphaz's imagery—inescapable darkness, dried-up shoots, no escape—maps strikingly onto this teaching. The darkness is not arbitrary punishment but the natural consequence of a life turned absolutely away from the divine Light.

Third, the "fatness" covering the face (v. 27) speaks to the Church's perennial concern with the sin of gluttony, which the tradition counts not merely as a vice of appetite but as a spiritual danger to contemplation. St. Thomas Aquinas (Summa Theologiae II-II, q. 148) teaches that gluttony darkens the mind (the face covered with fat is a precise image of this) and makes the soul incapable of perceiving divine things. The Fathers connect this to the broader sin of sensuality (luxuria), in which bodily comfort becomes an idol.

Contemporary Catholic readers encounter this passage in a culture that celebrates comfort, wealth, and self-sufficiency as signs of a well-lived life. Eliphaz's portrait of the wicked man—fat, prosperous-seeming, expanding—looks disturbingly like what our advertising culture calls success. The passage invites a rigorous examination of conscience: not merely "Do I sin?" but "Has comfort begun to cover my face—to blind me to what I truly am before God?" The Catholic practice of fasting, far from being a relic of medieval piety, is the Church's surgical response to the dynamic Eliphaz describes: it deliberately interrupts the accumulation of "fatness" so that the soul's vision is cleared. Similarly, verse 28's image of dwelling in desolate ruins calls Catholics to examine whether their pursuit of earthly security has produced not abundance but spiritual emptiness. The antidote is concrete: regular confession to name the specific ways self-sufficiency has replaced reliance on God, and the practice of almsgiving, which physically breaks the hoarding dynamic that verse 29 describes as the hallmark of the wicked.