Catholic Commentary
Do Not Fret Over Evildoers — Their End Is Ruin
19Don’t fret yourself because of evildoers, neither be envious of the wicked;20for there will be no reward to the evil man. The lamp of the wicked will be snuffed out.
Proverbs 24:19–20 warns against the destructive inner resentment that arises from witnessing the apparent success of evildoers, comparing this corrosive burning to a spiritual malady. The passage assures that wickedness has no lasting reward or future inheritance, using the metaphor of an extinguished lamp to represent the ultimate futility of an evil life.
The wicked do not prosper in any way that matters—their apparent success is hollow because evil structurally cannot endure.
Typological and Spiritual Senses
On a typological level, the "reward" (aḥarît) denied to the evil man anticipates the New Testament language of eternal life as the true inheritance of the righteous. The spiritual sense deepens the instruction: the Christian is invited not merely to avoid fretting as a matter of emotional hygiene, but to cultivate a theological vision in which the ultimate poverty of wickedness — its absolute inability to inherit the Kingdom — is clearly seen. The lamp extinguished is a figure of spiritual death, the second death of Revelation. Conversely, the instruction "do not fret" becomes, in the light of Christ, an invitation to peace rooted in resurrection faith — the assurance that injustice is not the final word.
Catholic tradition brings a uniquely layered richness to these verses by holding together temporal prudence and eschatological vision. The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches that divine providence governs all things, including the permitting of evil for a time, and that "God is the sovereign master of his plan" (CCC 314). The apparent prosperity of the wicked, far from being a refutation of divine justice, is permitted within a providential economy that moves toward a final judgment. This is precisely the peace the sage is counseling: not naïveté, but theological realism.
St. Augustine, meditating on the parallel Psalm 37, writes that the soul which frets over evildoers has placed its hope in the wrong object — it is measuring justice by the short register of temporal outcomes rather than by the eternal measure of God. For Augustine, the true "reward" (aḥarît) is participation in God himself, the beatitudo that no wickedness can ever secure. The wicked, in Augustine's analysis, already carry within them the seeds of their own ruin: "our heart is restless until it rests in Thee" — and the wicked heart, turned away from God, is constitutionally incapable of the rest that is the only true reward.
St. Thomas Aquinas, in the Summa Theologiae (I-II, q. 87), teaches that sin carries within it an intrinsic privation — it is its own punishment in a real sense, because it disorders the soul and deprives it of its proper end. The sage's assertion that there is "no reward" for the evil man is thus not merely a prophetic warning about future retribution; it is a metaphysical statement about the nature of evil itself. Wickedness cannot build; it can only consume and diminish.
The Church's social teaching, especially in Gaudium et Spes, affirms that the moral order is built into creation and that attempts to build human community on injustice are inherently unstable. The lamp of the wicked will go out — this is not vindictive wish-fulfillment but the sober reading of how reality is structured by a just Creator.
Contemporary Catholic life is saturated with occasions to "fret over evildoers." Social media delivers a continuous stream of images of the powerful acting corruptly and apparently without consequence. Political and financial wrongdoing seems not only unpunished but rewarded with further influence. The faithful Catholic who tries to live with integrity may feel, acutely and daily, the sting of watching dishonesty succeed.
Proverbs 24:19–20 offers a concrete spiritual discipline: notice the moment of interior heating — the moment when resentment, bitterness, or envious anxiety begins to kindle — and treat it as a spiritual alarm. That burning is not clarifying; it disorders the soul. The antidote is not passive resignation but an active act of faith in divine providence. Practically, this might mean: cutting the compulsive news-checking that feeds the agitation; praying for the wicked person by name (as Christ commands in Matthew 5:44); and returning deliberately to the theological certainty that lasting good can only be built on truth and love.
The lamp of the wicked will go out. The Catholic is freed by this truth to focus energy on tending their own lamp — living with fidelity, integrity, and charity — rather than watching another's flame with bitter fascination.
Commentary
Proverbs 24:19 — "Don't fret yourself because of evildoers"
The Hebrew verb underlying "fret" (al-titḥar) is notably vivid — it carries a connotation of burning inwardly, of being inflamed or heated with competitive anxiety. This is not the righteous anger of a prophet denouncing sin; it is something corrosive and self-destructive, closer to envy or resentment that consumes the one who nurses it. The word echoes almost verbatim in Psalm 37:1 ("Do not fret because of evildoers"), suggesting this was a recognizable wisdom formula in ancient Israel — a counseled disposition deeply embedded in the tradition of those who trusted in divine providence. The sage is not asking the reader to be indifferent to evil or to pretend injustice doesn't exist. He is diagnosing a particular spiritual danger: the temptation, when we observe the apparent prosperity or impunity of the wicked, to become destabilized — to question God's justice, to grow bitter, or even to be secretly tempted to imitate their methods. This interior burning is itself a form of spiritual harm, potentially more damaging to the soul than the external injustice that provokes it.
The word "evildoers" (mĕrēʿîm) in the Hebrew tradition denotes those who actively pursue what is harmful — not merely those who stumble, but those who have oriented their lives away from wisdom and God. The instruction is addressed to someone who sees these people apparently thriving, and who feels the natural human sting of injustice. The sage is forming the interior life of his student against this particular temptation.
Proverbs 24:20 — "For there will be no reward to the evil man"
Verse 20 is the theological warrant for verse 19. The Hebrew word translated "reward" (aḥarît) is rich and important: it literally means "latter end," "future," or "outcome." It appears repeatedly in wisdom literature to describe the final destiny or lasting portion of a person or way of life. The claim is not that the wicked will be punished immediately — the entire thrust of passages like Psalm 37 and Psalm 73 acknowledges that the wicked often do seem to prosper in the short term. The claim is ontological and eschatological: there is no lasting portion, no enduring future, no true inheritance for the one who builds life on wickedness. Evil, by its very nature, cannot endure. It is structurally self-undermining.
The second half of verse 20 in the fuller Hebrew text (reflected in the Septuagint tradition) adds the image of the lamp being extinguished: "the lamp of the wicked shall be put out." This is a powerful metaphor — the lamp represents life, vitality, hope, legacy. For the wicked, even that flickering presence will be snuffed out entirely. The righteous, by contrast, are described elsewhere in Proverbs as a light that shines ever brighter (4:18). The contrast is stark and deliberate.