Psalms 22:22–26

Psalms 22:22 — "I will declare your name to my brothers." The Hebrew verb asapperah ("I will declare / recount") is the language of testimony — a deliberate, public narration of saving deeds. The shift from desperate lament (vv. 1–21) to confident proclamation here is not gradual; it is a rupture, a sudden irruption of trust. The Psalmist has moved through the darkness and emerges vowing proclamation. "My brothers" ('achay) signals a concrete community — not all humanity abstractly, but those who share the Psalmist's covenantal bond. This verse is cited verbatim in the Letter to the Hebrews (2:12), where the author places it explicitly on the lips of the risen Christ, who "is not ashamed to call them brothers." The typological key is given by the New Testament itself: the one who suffered unto apparent abandonment now addresses the redeemed community as family.

Psalms 22:23 — "You who fear Yahweh, praise him!" The call to praise expands concentrically: first the brothers, then "those who fear Yahweh" (yir'ei YHWH) — a phrase in the Psalter denoting those who stand in covenantal reverence before God — then "all the offspring of Jacob" and "all the offspring of Israel" (the full verse includes these in some translations). The escalation moves from intimate brotherhood to national Israel to, by implication, all who reverence the God of Israel. The verb hallelu (praise!) is imperative, communal, and joyful: this is a summons to liturgy, not merely to interior feeling. The fear of the Lord here is not dread but the reverential awe that is the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 9:10), the posture of those who recognize they stand before the holy.

Psalms 22:24 — "For he has not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted." The Hebrew uses a powerful double negation (lo' bazah ve-lo' shiqatz), emphasizing what God has NOT done: He did not turn away in contempt (bazah = to hold in contempt, to despise as worthless); He did not treat the suffering as something ritually loathsome (shiqatz = to abhor, to regard as an abomination). In Israel's world, suffering was often read as evidence of divine abandonment or punishment. This verse shatters that reading. The affliction of the 'ani (the lowly, the poor one) was not a sign of God's absence but, paradoxically, the very site of His attentive presence. The verse ends: "he heard when he cried to him" — the cry that seemed unanswered (v. 2) was, in fact, received. Theologically, suffering does not equal abandonment; it can be the crucible in which God's fidelity is most profoundly demonstrated.

Psalms 22:25 — "My praise of you comes in the great assembly." Tehillathi — "my praise," literally "my song of praise" — will be performed in the qahal gadol, the great assembly, which in the Old Testament context is the gathered people of Israel in solemn worship. The Psalmist's private vow (v. 22) now finds its proper home: liturgical, communal, formal worship. The individual's testimony becomes the Church's song. This movement from personal encounter to communal liturgy reflects the deep structure of biblical religion: what God does for the one, He does for the many, and the many gather to celebrate it together.

Psalms 22:26 — "The humble shall eat and be satisfied." The 'anavim (the humble, the poor, the meek) shall eat (yochlu) and be satisfied (yisbe'u) — language that evokes both the covenant meal and the satisfaction of the Messianic banquet. The eating is literal in the context of the thanksgiving sacrifice (todah), in which portions of the sacrificial animal were consumed in communion before God. But the verse reverberates forward: the poor shall not merely survive but be satisfied — a term of fullness and abundance. Those who "seek" the Lord shall praise Him, and their hearts shall live — a dynamic of seeking, finding, and sustained life that anticipates the Eucharistic logic of John 6.

Catholic tradition has consistently read Psalm 22:22–26 as a Messianic passage fulfilled in Christ's paschal mystery, with particular Eucharistic resonance. The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches that the Psalms are the prayer of Christ and, in Him, the prayer of the whole Church (CCC §2586). This passage enacts precisely that theology: the suffering "I" of the earlier verses is Christ on the Cross; the praising "I" of verse 22 is the risen Christ proclaiming the Father's name within the assembly He has made His own by redemption.

The Church Fathers were especially attentive to this Christological reading. Justin Martyr (Dialogue with Trypho, Ch. 106) identifies the "brothers" of verse 22 as those redeemed by Christ, who sings the Father's praise through the Church's liturgy. Origen (Commentary on the Psalms) reads the "great assembly" as the universal Church gathered in Eucharistic worship. Augustine (Enarrationes in Psalmos 21) writes that "our Head has spoken these words, and in Him His members speak them" — underscoring the totus Christus principle: Christ and His Body are inseparably the subject of the Psalm.

The reference to the 'anavim eating and being satisfied carries unmistakable Eucharistic weight for Catholic exegesis. Vatican II's Sacrosanctum Concilium (§10) describes the Eucharist as the "source and summit" of Christian life — the great assembly in which the humble poor receive the Bread that satisfies beyond all earthly hunger. The todah sacrifice — the thanksgiving offering from which some scholars trace the origins of the Eucharist (see Hartmut Gese; affirmed in Jewish-Catholic dialogue) — makes verse 26 a typological anticipation of the Mass itself: the afflicted one offers thanks, the community gathers, the humble eat and are filled.

For the Catholic at Sunday Mass, these verses are not ancient poetry — they are the present moment. Every Eucharist is the "great assembly" of verse 25: the risen Christ, through the priest, declares the Father's name; the congregation responds in praise; and the humble come forward to eat and be satisfied at the altar. When suffering tempts a Catholic to conclude that God has abandoned them — as the earlier verses of this Psalm so honestly express — verses 22–26 offer a corrective rooted not in sentiment but in the logic of Christ's own passage through death to resurrection. God did not despise the affliction; He entered it. The proper response is not stoic endurance but the active, communal praise of the assembly.

Concretely: the Catholic who is suffering is invited to bring that suffering into Mass — not to leave it at the door — and to let the todah structure of the liturgy (thanksgiving even amid affliction) reshape their interior life. The "humble shall eat and be satisfied" is a promise addressed to the poor in spirit (Matthew 5:3), which includes all who come to the Eucharist knowing they cannot satisfy the deepest hunger of the soul by their own power.